2014年6月22日日曜日

米軍の無人機、墜落・衝突418件 

米軍の無人機、墜落・衝突418件 

米紙ワシントン・ポスト(電子版)は20日、2001年9月から昨年末にかけて、世界各地で起きた米軍無人機の墜落や衝突な どの重大事故が少なくとも418件に上ると報じた。

米軍三沢基地(青森県三沢市)にも配備された無人偵察機グローバルホークの墜落事故は5件あった。

いずれも死者は確認されていないものの、飛行中の輸送機への衝突のほか、今年4月には米ペンシルベニア州で小学校の運動場のすぐ近くに墜落する事故も起きており、同紙は無人機の安全性に警鐘を鳴らしている。情報公開請求により、陸海空軍と海兵隊の事故報告書などを収集、分析した。米中央情報局(CIA)が運用する無人機は含まれていない

418件のうち194件が被害額200万ドル(約2億円)以上の最も深刻な「クラスA」の分類。アフガニスタン、イラクの2カ国で計108件とクラスAの半数以上を占め、米国内は47件。国名が公開されていない事故が18件あった。  【ワシントン=共同】

● When drones fall from the sky Part One: War Zones (WP)

The Post’s analysis of accident records, however, shows that the military and drone manufacturers have yet to overcome some fundamental safety hurdles:

  • A limited ability to detect and avoid trouble. Cameras and high-tech sensors on a drone cannot fully replace a pilot’s eyes and ears and nose in the cockpit. Most remotely controlled planes are not equipped with radar or anti-collision systems designed to prevent midair disasters.
  • Pilot error. Despite popular perceptions, flying a drone is much trickier than playing a video game. The Air Force licenses its drone pilots and trains them constantly, but mistakes are still common, particularly during landings. In four cases over a three-year period, Air Force pilots committed errors so egregious that they were investigated for suspected dereliction of duty.
  • Persistent mechanical defects. Some common drone models were designed without backup safety features and rushed to war without the benefit of years of testing. Many accidents were triggered by basic electrical malfunctions; others were caused by bad weather. Military personnel blamed some mishaps on inexplicable problems. The crews of two doomed Predators that crashed in 2008 and 2009 told investigators that their respective planes had been “possessed” and plagued by “demons.”
  • Unreliable communications links. Drones are dependent on wireless transmissions to relay commands and navigational information, usually via satellite. Those connections can be fragile. Records show that links were disrupted or lost in more than a quarter of the worst crashes.